Where you taste it
Fibre starts as a formulation choice. Polydextrose and resistant dextrin are close to neutral, so the product tastes the way it did. Inulin, XOS and GOS bring a soft sweetness, 10 to 50% of sugar, which a reduced-sugar recipe can put to use.
The acid test
At pH 2 the stomach takes apart whatever is weak. Resistant dextrin and XOS stay intact. Polydextrose and GOS hold. Inulin is the one whose chain can hydrolyse, which is why it prefers neutral foods and a quick passage.
Where digestion gives up
Human enzymes cannot break the bonds in any of the five. They pass through unchanged and release no glucose. That refusal is the legal definition of fibre, and Codex, FSSAI, the FDA and the EU all build on it.
First to ferment
Bifidobacteria meet the short chains first. XOS at 1.4 g a day, GOS at 5 g, short-chain inulin at 5 to 8 g: they ferment early, near the start of the colon, and release short-chain fatty acids that lower the pH and feed the gut wall.
The long game
Long-chain inulin, resistant dextrin and polydextrose travel further and ferment slowly. That reaches the far end of the colon, where most trouble starts, and spreads the gas over hours instead of minutes.
What comes of it
Short-chain fatty acids, more bifidobacteria, softer and more regular stools, better calcium absorption, a gentler glucose curve and a fuller feeling after meals. Each fibre has evidence for some of these. The family together covers all six.