The journey

Five fibres, five places to work

Fibre is defined by what it refuses to do: get digested. After that, each of the five does something different, at a different stop along the gut. Scroll, and follow the five dots from the first taste to the last outcome.

01 · MOUTH

Where you taste it

Fibre starts as a formulation choice. Polydextrose and resistant dextrin are close to neutral, so the product tastes the way it did. Inulin, XOS and GOS bring a soft sweetness, 10 to 50% of sugar, which a reduced-sugar recipe can put to use.

0 to 50%sweetness against sugar, across the five
InulinPolydextroseResistant dextrinXOSGOS
02 · STOMACH

The acid test

At pH 2 the stomach takes apart whatever is weak. Resistant dextrin and XOS stay intact. Polydextrose and GOS hold. Inulin is the one whose chain can hydrolyse, which is why it prefers neutral foods and a quick passage.

pH 2and still intact: resistant dextrin and XOS
InulinPolydextroseResistant dextrinXOSGOS
03 · SMALL INTESTINE

Where digestion gives up

Human enzymes cannot break the bonds in any of the five. They pass through unchanged and release no glucose. That refusal is the legal definition of fibre, and Codex, FSSAI, the FDA and the EU all build on it.

3 g per 100 gturns that refusal into a "source of fibre" claim in India
InulinPolydextroseResistant dextrinXOSGOS
04 · PROXIMAL COLON

First to ferment

Bifidobacteria meet the short chains first. XOS at 1.4 g a day, GOS at 5 g, short-chain inulin at 5 to 8 g: they ferment early, near the start of the colon, and release short-chain fatty acids that lower the pH and feed the gut wall.

From 1.4 g a daya bifidogenic effect, XOS clinical trial
InulinPolydextroseResistant dextrinXOSGOS
05 · DISTAL COLON

The long game

Long-chain inulin, resistant dextrin and polydextrose travel further and ferment slowly. That reaches the far end of the colon, where most trouble starts, and spreads the gas over hours instead of minutes.

12 g a dayEU-authorised bowel claim, chicory inulin
InulinPolydextroseResistant dextrinXOSGOS
06 · OUT THE OTHER SIDE

What comes of it

Short-chain fatty acids, more bifidobacteria, softer and more regular stools, better calcium absorption, a gentler glucose curve and a fuller feeling after meals. Each fibre has evidence for some of these. The family together covers all six.

6 outcomeswith human evidence across the family
InulinPolydextroseResistant dextrinXOSGOS
Stop
Scroll to travel
01 · MOUTH

Where you taste it

Fibre starts as a formulation choice. Polydextrose and resistant dextrin are close to neutral, so the product tastes the way it did. Inulin, XOS and GOS bring a soft sweetness, 10 to 50% of sugar, which a reduced-sugar recipe can put to use.

0 to 50%sweetness against sugar, across the five
InulinPolydextroseResistant dextrinXOSGOS
02 · STOMACH

The acid test

At pH 2 the stomach takes apart whatever is weak. Resistant dextrin and XOS stay intact. Polydextrose and GOS hold. Inulin is the one whose chain can hydrolyse, which is why it prefers neutral foods and a quick passage.

pH 2and still intact: resistant dextrin and XOS
InulinPolydextroseResistant dextrinXOSGOS
03 · SMALL INTESTINE

Where digestion gives up

Human enzymes cannot break the bonds in any of the five. They pass through unchanged and release no glucose. That refusal is the legal definition of fibre, and Codex, FSSAI, the FDA and the EU all build on it.

3 g per 100 gturns that refusal into a "source of fibre" claim in India
InulinPolydextroseResistant dextrinXOSGOS
04 · PROXIMAL COLON

First to ferment

Bifidobacteria meet the short chains first. XOS at 1.4 g a day, GOS at 5 g, short-chain inulin at 5 to 8 g: they ferment early, near the start of the colon, and release short-chain fatty acids that lower the pH and feed the gut wall.

From 1.4 g a daya bifidogenic effect, XOS clinical trial
InulinPolydextroseResistant dextrinXOSGOS
05 · DISTAL COLON

The long game

Long-chain inulin, resistant dextrin and polydextrose travel further and ferment slowly. That reaches the far end of the colon, where most trouble starts, and spreads the gas over hours instead of minutes.

12 g a dayEU-authorised bowel claim, chicory inulin
InulinPolydextroseResistant dextrinXOSGOS
06 · OUT THE OTHER SIDE

What comes of it

Short-chain fatty acids, more bifidobacteria, softer and more regular stools, better calcium absorption, a gentler glucose curve and a fuller feeling after meals. Each fibre has evidence for some of these. The family together covers all six.

6 outcomeswith human evidence across the family
InulinPolydextroseResistant dextrinXOSGOS
Outcomes

Six things fibre does, and who has the evidence

No single fibre carries all six. Between them, the family does, which is the case for keeping all five on one shelf.

More bifidobacteria

The hallmark prebiotic effect: a measurable rise in the bacteria that keep the colon acidic and the gut wall fed.

XOSGOSInulinResistant dextrin
XOS 1.4 g, GOS 5 g, inulin 5 to 8 g, resistant dextrin 25 g a day

Regular, softer stools

More frequent, softer stools without laxative effect; the basis of the only authorised EU fibre claim.

InulinPolydextroseResistant dextrin
EFSA 2015 (inulin 12 g); Costabile 2012 (polydextrose 8 g); ADM 2018 (resistant dextrin)

Better calcium absorption

Fermentation acids free calcium in the colon, with measurable gains in bone mineral density in adolescents.

InulinGOS
Abrams 2005 (inulin 8 g); van den Heuvel 2000 (GOS 20 g)

Gentler glucose curve

A smaller post-meal glucose and insulin rise when the fibre is eaten with the meal or replaces sugar.

Resistant dextrinPolydextrose
Livesey and Tagami 2008, 37 trials (resistant dextrin 4 to 10 g); EU sugar-replacer claim

Fuller for longer

Lower energy intake at the next meal, dose-linked, which is why GLP-1 diets ask for fibre first.

Polydextrose
Ibarra 2015 meta-analysis (polydextrose 6 to 25 g)

Immune markers

Higher phagocytosis, NK activity and anti-inflammatory signals in older adults; closer-to-breastfed immunity in infants.

GOSInulin
Vulevic 2008 (B-GOS); infant GOS/lcFOS trials pooled 2025
Fibre science

Three things worth knowing

The vocabulary a label, a regulator and a nutritionist share, in plain words.

Definition

What counts as fibre

Carbohydrate chains that human enzymes cannot digest. Codex sets the bar at ten units long and leaves three to nine to national rules; India and the EU count all five FIBREDEX® fibres, the FDA lists four and treats XOS as a prebiotic.

Behaviour

Soluble and fermentable

All five dissolve in water, which is what lets them disappear into drinks and dairy. How fast they ferment depends on chain length: short chains go early and fast, long chains late and slow.

Prebiotic

What makes a prebiotic

A substrate that gut microbes use selectively, with a health benefit shown in people. FSSAI keeps a permitted list; inulin, polydextrose, XOS and GOS are on it, and resistant dextrin joined in the 2022 regulations.

Pick the stop, we will pick the fibre

Early fermenter for the claim, late fermenter for comfort, or both. Free samples of any of the five.